In vitro evaluation of Sporothrix brasiliensis biotherapic

Sporothrix brasiliensisis one of themost virulent zoonosis which affects animals and humans. This fungus is responsible for subcutaneous infection and its contamination is possible through trauma to the skin. Sporotrichosis is highly prevalent in feline. And Rio de Janeiro appears to have the highest occurrence of cases. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the in vitroefficacy of Sporothrix brasiliensisbiotherapic, with and without an association to allopathic medicine commonly used in the treatment.Methodology: Conidiumcells of Sporothrix brasiliensiswill be cultured in Potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 5 to 7 days and yeast cells in Brain heart infusion (BHI) for 3 to 5 days. After incubation, the cells will be scraped with a drigalski handle and filtered using cells strainer into a tube and centrifuge for 5 minutes at 3000 RPM. The cells will be resuspended with Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), centrifuge again,and finally resuspended in PBS. After preparing the inocule, the microplates will be prepared. There will be 5groups in vitro. The first one will be the control group, only fungi. The second will be the treatment of fungi with homeopathic medicine (Sporothrix brasiliensis30DH). The third group will be the homeopathic medicine in association with itraconazole. The fourth will be the treatment with itraconazole only. And the last group will be the fungi with dynamized distilled water 30DH. Sporothrix brasiliensis30DHwill be prepared according to Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia. Results and discussions: The experiments are still in progress and the results will be analyzed through Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine statistically significant differences. Previous articles based on biotherapic treatments demonstrated successful results, so our research group is conducting these experiments to evaluate the effect in this model. Conclusion: Experiments will be made to verify the efficacy of biotherapic on sporotrichosis treatments.

Análise histopatológica dos efeitos do bioterápico 200dh em camundongos infectados por Trypanosoma Cruzi / Histopathological analysis of the effects of 200dh biotherapeutic in mice infected with Trypanosoma Cruzi

O Trypanosoma cruzi é um protozoário que instaura uma infecção grave em seu hospedeiro vertebrado, podendo causar danos irreversíveis, principalmente em suas células musculares, conhecida como a doença tripanossomíase ou Doença de Chagas. dicação disponível no mercado, que combate esse parasito, não é completamente eficiente e produz danos indesejáveis e irreversíveis, fazendo-se necessário a busca por outros campos da medicina, em termos de medicação, para combater essa doença. Nesse sentido, pesquisas com medicamentos homeopáticos têm se revelado promissoras no combate ao parasito, sobretudo as formas amastigotas, que são mais difíceis de serem exterminadas. Os bioterápicos são os homeopáticos que obtiveram maior sucesso em relação à infecção por T. cruzi, uma vez que esses medicamentos possuem seu princípio ativo retirado do próprio parasito, suas toxinas, parte de membros, realizando uma terapia conhecida como isoterapia ­ cura pelo igual. Resultados encontrados indicam que o bioterápico 200dH atua coagindo o sistema imune a combater o T. cruzi em cobaias contaminadas, fomentando uma resposta imune celular e humoral mais eficiente do que a fisiológica. Acredita-se que esse medicamento atue estimulando as células de defesa, que passarão a responder de forma antígeno- -específico, favorecendo o combate de amastigotas. Esse processo, provavelmente, é iniciado pela estimulação do macrófago, que por sua vez, de acordo com os resultados encontrados, inicia uma cascata inflamatória, com predominância da via Th1, fomentando a produção de IL4, IL-10 e interferon, auxiliando no combate as amastigotas.

The trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan that causes a serious infeccion in the vertebrate host, being capable of causing irreversible damages mainly in the muscle cells, also known as trypanosomiasis disease or Chagas Disease. The commercially available drug medication which fights this parasite is not completely efficient and causes undesirable and irreversible damages making it necessary to search for other fields of medicine in terms of medication to combat this disease. Therefore research with homeopathic medicines has being promising in the fight against the parasite, especially the amastigote forms, which are more difficult to be exterminated. Biotherapics are the homeopathic ones that have been more successful in relation to T. cruzi infection, since these drugs have their active principle removed from the parasite itself, its toxins, part of its members, performing a therapy known as isotherapy - cure by the same. The results indicates that the 200dH biotherapic acts by coercing the immune system to fight T. cruzi in contaminated guinea pigs, promoting a cellular and humoral imune response more efficient than the physiological one. It is believed that this medicine works by stimulating the defense cells which will respond in an antigen-specific manner favoring the fight against amastigotes. This process is probably initiated by the stimulation of the macrophage which in turn, according to the remains found, initiates an inflammatory cascade with predominance of the Th1 pathway, promoting the production of IL-4e IL-5 and interferon helping to combat amastigotes

Contribuição dos nosódios intestinais para o tratamento homeopático

Trabalho realizado a partir da revisão bibliográfica a respeito da importância da relação do equilíbrio do microbioma intestinal, com o eixo psico-neuro-endócrino ­imunológico e os nosódios intestinais de Edward Bach e John Paterson. Evidencia como a abordagem isoterápica, por meio dos nosódios intestinais, se mostra relevante para reduzir os sintomas de desequilíbrios físicos e comportamentais de um indivíduo. Por esse viés, elucida a contribuição dos nosódios intestinais para a descoberta do medicamento constitucional do paciente, bem como o reestebelecimento da qualidade de vida e retomada da sua funcionalidade e bem estar geral, de forma ágil. (AU)

Analyzing weight evolution in mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi

Concerning the specificities of a longitudinal study, the trajectories of a subject's mean responses not always present a linear behavior, which calls for tools that take into account the non-linearity of individual trajectories and that describe them towards associating possible random effects with each individual. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) have come to solve this problem, since, in this class of models, it is possible to assign specific random effects to individuals, in addition to rewriting the linear term by summing unknown smooth functions, not parametrically specified, then using the P-splines smoothing technique. Thus, this article aims to introduce this methodology applied to a dataset referring to an experiment involving 57 Swiss mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, which had their weights monitored for 12 weeks. The analyses showed significant differences in the weight trajectory of the individuals by treatment group; besides, the assumptions required to validate the model were met. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that this methodology is satisfactory in modeling data of longitudinal sort, because, with this approach, in addition to the possibility of including fixed and random effects, these models allow adding complex correlation structures to residuals.

Linear mixed model for weight analysis in mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi

The use of linear mixed models for nested structure longitudinal data is called hierarchical linear modeling. Thismodeling takes into account the dependence of existing data within each level and between hierarchical levels. The process of modeling, estimating and analyzing diagnoses was illustrated through data on the weights of mice experimentally infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, divided into different treatment groups, with the purpose of verifying the evolution of their body weight as a result of usingdifferent types of biotherapeutics produced from Gallus gallus domesticus(chicken) serum to treat Trypanosoma cruzi. Through the model selection criteria AIC and BIC and the likelihood ratio test, a model was chosen to describe the data correctly. Model diagnoses were then performed by means of residual analysis for both levels and an analysis of influential observations to verify if any observations were signaled as influencing the fixed effects, the components of variance and the adjusted values. After the analysis, it was possible to notice that the observations that were signaled as influential had little impact on the Model chosen initially, so it was maintained, with no differences being evidenced between the treatments with the biotherapeutics tested; only the Time variable and the Random intercept were necessary to describe the weight of the mice.

Homeopathy and biotherapy in Bothrops asper envenomation

Snake envenomation by Bothrops asper is a common problem affecting cattle raising and rural workers in farms across Latin America. Control of hemorrhage must often be ensured at the site of the accident, as medical care and antivenom therapy might not be available on the premises. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of homeopathic medicine Phosphorus 6cH, biotherapy Bothrops asper 6cH and a homeopathic formula on hemorrhage induced by B. asper envenomation. Groups of mice received the investigated treatments before and after envenomation (minimal hemorrhagic dose) and the diameter and intensity of hemorrhage were assessed. When administered before envenomation, all 3 treatments reduced the hemorrhage diameter; the best results were achieved with formula administered 14 days before envenomation and Phos 6cH 7 days before. Among the animals treated after envenomation, Phos 6cH in 4 doses/hour exhibited the best results in terms of hemorrhage diameter and intensity. We conclude that both homeopathy and biotherapy exhibit considerable potential as alternative treatment to reduce hemorrhage induced by B. asper venom. (AU)

Acidentes por Bothrops asper afetam frequentemente o gado e trabalhadores rurais em toda a América Latina. Dado que tanto atenção médica quanto tratamento antiofídico podem não estar disponíveis no local do acidente, é necessário controlar a hemorragia in loco. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do medicamento homeopático Phosphorus 6cH, bioterápico Bothrops asper 6cH e um complexo homeopático na hemorragia induzida por B. asper. Diferentes grupos de camundongos receberam os medicamentos testados antes e depois do envenenamento (dose hemorrágica mínima) e foram medidos o diâmetro e a intensidade da hemorragia. Quando administrados antes do envenenamento, os 3 tratamentos reduziram o diâmetro da hemorragia, obtendo-se os melhores resultados com o complexo administrado 14 dias antes e Phos 6cH 7 dias antes. Entre os animais tratados depois do envenamento, os melhores resultados em termos de diâmetro e intensidade da hemorragia foram obtidos com Phos 6cH em 4 doses/hora. Conclui-se que tanto a homeopatia quanto o bioterápico apresentam grande potencial como tratamento alternativo para reduzir a hemorragia induzida por B. asper. (AU)

Homeopathy and biotherapy in Bothrops asper envenomation

Snake envenomation by Bothrops asper is a common problem affecting cattle raising and rural workers in farms across Latin America. Control of hemorrhage must often be ensured at the site of the accident, as medical care and antivenom therapy might not be available on the premises. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of homeopathic medicine Phosphorus 6cH, biotherapy Bothrops asper 6cH and a homeopathic formula on hemorrhage induced by B. asper envenomation. Groups of mice received the investigated treatments before and after envenomation (minimal hemorrhagic dose) and the diameter and intensity of hemorrhage were assessed. When administered before envenomation, all 3 treatments reduced the hemorrhage diameter; the best results were achieved with formula administered 14 days before envenomation and Phos 6cH 7 days before. Among the animals treated after envenomation, Phos 6cH in 4 doses/hour exhibited the best results in terms of hemorrhage diameter and intensity. We conclude that both homeopathy and biotherapy exhibit considerable potential as alternative treatment to reduce hemorrhage induced by B. asper venom. (AU)

Acidentes por Bothrops asper afetam frequentemente o gado e trabalhadores rurais em toda a América Latina. Dado que tanto atenção médica quanto tratamento antiofídico podem não estar disponíveis no local do acidente, é necessário controlar a hemorragia in loco. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do medicamento homeopático Phosphorus 6cH, bioterápico Bothrops asper 6cH e um complexo homeopático na hemorragia induzida por B. asper. Diferentes grupos de camundongos receberam os medicamentos testados antes e depois do envenenamento (dose hemorrágica mínima) e foram medidos o diâmetro e a intensidade da hemorragia. Quando administrados antes do envenenamento, os 3 tratamentos reduziram o diâmetro da hemorragia, obtendo-se os melhores resultados com o complexo administrado 14 dias antes e Phos 6cH 7 dias antes. Entre os animais tratados depois do envenamento, os melhores resultados em termos de diâmetro e intensidade da hemorragia foram obtidos com Phos 6cH em 4 doses/hora. Conclui-se que tanto a homeopatia quanto o bioterápico apresentam grande potencial como tratamento alternativo para reduzir a hemorragia induzida por B. asper. (AU)

Biotherapic 200dH is harmful to acute murine infection with Trypanosoma cruzi

Biotherapics employed to treat mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi were carried out with encouraging results. The aim of this study was evaluated the effect of biotherapic of Trypanosoma cruzi 200dH, using two different schedules of treatment. Swiss male mice, aged 56 days-old were infected intraperitonealy with 1,400 blood trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain and were divided into groups: C.I.- infected animals, E.D. â€" Infected animals treated from the day 1 until the end of the experiment; 200dH S.D. â€" Infected animals treated on the day 1. Parasitological, clinical and immunological parameters were evaluated. The group of animals that received the medicine in a single dose presented higher value to total parasitaemia and lower value of pre patent period compared to control untreated group (p<0.05), as well as the number of amastigotes which was also higher for this group (S.D.) (p<0.05). Clinically, the S.D.group presented more stable temperature (p<0.05) but not presented another clinical difference among treatments. IL-6 and TNF-α presented similar dosage among treated groups as well as IL-4 and IL-10. IL-17A and INF-γ, presented highest values to S.D. group (p<0.05). All animals died until the 20th day of infection. The lack of improvement in clinical and parasitological parameters, the untimely death and the immunological imbalance display the harmful evolution of the experimental infection by T. cruzi using biotherapic 200dH. The results could be useful for homeopathic physicians. In human clinical use, the choice of dynamizations and treatment schedule should consider acute and chronic diseases to achieve the expected results. (AU)

Efeito de bioterápico na eosinofilia durante a SLMV experimental / Biotherapic effect in eosinophilia during experimental VLMS

O Toxocara canis (Tc) é um parasito pertencente ao filo Nematódeo que possui como hospedeiro definitivo os cães, O homem é hospedeiro paratênico e contamina-se acidentalmente ao ingerir ovos contendo larvas infectantes (L3) do parasito, as quais são liberadas e atravessam a mucosa intestinal, atingem a circulação, Durante este processo migratório, antígenos de excreção e secreção (TES) são liberados provocando intensa reação inflamatória, do tipo Th2, caracterizando a síndrome, denominada Larva Migrans Visceral (SLMV), As principais características desta doença crônica são as eosinofilias sanguínea e tecidual persistentes, Desse modo, torna-se importante a busca por terapias que contribuam com a redução dos quadros inflamatórios com intensa eosinofilia, Assim, o uso deste bioterápico, produzido a partir do extrato antigênico de ovos e larvas de (Tc), e seu efeito no recrutamento de leucócitos totais, células mononucleares e eosinófilos no sangue, para o espaço broncoalveolar e para a cavidade peritoneal de camundongos infectados pelo (Tc) foi investigado, Foram utilizados camundongos fêmeas (Swiss), divididos nos grupos: Controle (C), Infectado (Tc), Imunizado (Im+Tc) e Tratado (Tc+Bio), Os animais Tc, Im+Tc e Tc+Bio receberam 500 ovos/animal por gavagem, Posteriormente, os animais foram eutanasiados no 18º dia da infecção e o número das células nos compartimentos foi determinado, Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que, Im+Tc, assim como nos Tc+Bio tiveram redução significativa dessas células nos compartimentos analisados quando comparados grupo Tc, Assim, sugeriu-se que a bioterapia modulou negativamente o recrutamento de células inflamatórias, principalmente eosinófilos no sangue, pulmão e intestino demonstrando um potencial anti-inflamatório desse bioterápico na SLMV experimental...

The Toxocara canis (Tc) is a parasite that belongs to the nematode phylum and has dogs as definitive host. The men can be accidentally contaminated by ingesting eggs containing infective larvae of the parasite. These larvae, when ingested, pass through the intestinal mucosa, reach the portal circulation and migrate through different tissues of the host. During this process, excretory-secretory antigens (TES) are released causing an intense inflammatory reaction, the Th2 type, characterizing the syndrome, called Visceral Larva migrans (VLMS). The main features of this chronic disease are blood and tissue eosinophilias. Thus, it is important to search for therapies that may contribute to the reduction of inflammatory conditions with intense eosinophilia. In this study, we investigated the use of a biotherapic produced from the antigenic extract from eggs and larvae (Tc) and its effect on the recruitment of total leukocyte, mononuclear cells and eosinophils in blood, bronchoalveolar space and peritoneal cavity of mice infected with (Tc). Female mice (Swiss) were used divided in three groups: control (C), Infected (Tc) Immunized (Im + Tc) and Treaty (Tc + Bio). The animals Tc, Im + Tc and Tc + Bio received 500 eggs / animal by gavage. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized on day 18 after infection and the number of cells in the compartments was determined. Our results showed that, Im + Tc, as in Tc + Bio had reduced these cells in compartments analyzed compared to Tc group. Thus, it was suggested that the biotherapy negatively modulated the recruitment of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils in blood, lung and intestine demonstrating an anti-inflammatory potential of the biotherapic in the experimental VLMS...

Avaliação da eficácia de produtos isoterápicos no controle de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus / Evaluation of the efficacy of products isoterapicos in control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

O Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é responsável por consideráveis perdas na pecuária brasileira. O controle desse parasita tem sido feito, principalmente, com o uso de carrapaticidas, sendo os isoterápicos uma alternativa para seu combate. Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar a eficiência da utilização da isopatia como ferramenta de controle alternativo do carrapato-do-boi. Foram utilizadas 18 fêmeas bovinas de raça europeia, mantidas em sistema de pecuária extensiva, no município de Canguçu, Rio Grande do Sul. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (Lote A) e grupo tratado com isoterápico (Lote B). O sal mineral foi utilizado como veículo para a administração da isopatia, sendo que o Lote A recebeu sal mineral com placebo (açúcar) e o Lote B sal mineral com isopatia. Os animais foram infestados artificialmente com 10 mil larvas deR. (B.) microplus , e no 20º, 21º e 22º dias pós-infestação, foram realizadas contagem e coleta de fêmeas ingurgitadas. As teleóginas de cada lote foram divididas ao acaso em nove grupos de dez indivíduos para análise dos parâmetros biológicos e posterior cálculo do Índice Nutricional e Índice de Eficácia Reprodutiva. Para comparação da média de teleóginas de cada grupo, foi empregada análise de variância e Teste LSD. Os bovinos tratados com isopatia apresentaram uma redução de 53,4% do número médio de teleóginas, quando comparados com o grupo não tratado (p = 0,001). Quanto aos padrões biológicos, não houve diferença estatística. Conclui-se que o uso de isopatia foi capaz de reduzir a infestação de R.(B.) microplus , mostrando-se uma alternativa promissora para o controle deste ixodídeo.(AU)

The Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus is responsible for considerable losses in Brazilian cattle. The control of such parasites has been done mainly with the use of acaricides, and the isopathy is an alternative. The objective of this work is to analyze the efficiency of the use of isopathy as an alternative tool to control the cattle tick. We used 18 cows of the European race, kept in extensive livestock system in the municipality of Canguçu, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The animals were divided into control group (Lot A) and group treated with isopathy (Lot B). Mineral salt was used as a vehicle for the administration of isopathy, Lot A received mineral salt with placebo (sugar) and Lot B received mineral salt with isopathy. The animals were artificially infested with 10 thousand larvae of R. (B.) microplus , and in the days 20, 21 and 22 post-infestation engorged females were counted and collected. The ticks from each batch were randomly divided into nine groups of ten subjects each for analysis of biological parameters and subsequent calculation of the Nutritional Index and the Effectiveness Reproductive Index. For comparison of average engorged females from each group were employed ANOVA and LSD Test. The animals treated with isopathy showed a 53.4% reduction in the average number of ticks when compared with the untreated group (p = 0.001). As for biological standards, there was no statistical difference. It is concluded that the use of isopathy was able to reduce infestation of R. (B.) microplus , showing up as a promising alternative to control this ticks.(AU)

Cationic topical formulations tested in high dilutions offers protective effects in fibroblast cells culture

Topical administration is a simple and comfortable form of cutaneous administration of drugs. However, in this route of administration the drug needs to overcome the barrier posed by the skin to reach an effective concentration. For this reason, many topical formulations are developed with a cationic component. The promotion of absorption occurs due to the disruption of the stratum corneum. But this cationic component has also high irritating potential to the skin. The biotherapics are medicines prepared from a toxic product or etiologic agent, following the homeopathic pharmacopoeia technique, and they are used mainly in cases of hipersensitization. In this experiment, high dilutions (HD) obtained from a cationic formulation were prepared and evaluated considering cell viability in “in vitro” mouse fibroblast (L929) culture cells model by a colorimetric MTT assay. No signs of toxicity were observed, which demonstrates the safety of these HD preparations to the healthy cells. The effectiveness of these HD was also investigated in cells damaged by cationic formulations. The results demonstrated that the HD 30c was the most effective preparation in preventing the cell damage caused by the tested irritating product, increasing cell viability from 56.6% (damaged cells) to 100% (similar to negative control group, p>0.05). These results provide evidence of the positive action of high dilutions against the exposure to a cytotoxic agent. (AU)

Pilot study: evaluation of homeopathic treatment of Escherichia coli infected swine with identification of virulence factors involved

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic homeopathic treatment of swine diarrhea to achievea satisfactory balance between weight gain and cost. Methods: Escherichia coli (E. coli) wasisolated from 4 piglets with diarrhea, their clinical signs were used to select the adequate homeopathic medicine China officinalis (Chin). Newborn piglets were divided in 4 groups (n=11or 12): control group treated with the routinely used antimicrobial agent (ceftiofur 4 mg 1ml/piglet for 3 days); one group with homeopathic medicine Chin 30 cH; one group treated with biotherapy prepared from locally isolated E. coli; and one group was treated with association ofChin and biotherapy. All isolated samples of E. coli were subjected to polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to identify virulence factors in each group. Results: There was no difference in the numberof animals with diarrhea between groups treated with homeopathic medicine and control; weightgain was greater in groups treated with homeopathic medicine alone and associated withbiotherapy compared to control (p<0.05). Cost of homeopathic treatment was lower compared toceftiofur. Only one E. coli sample used to prepare biotherapy medicine tested positive forvirulence factors (F41); 3 samples from the Chin treated group tested positive for Stbenterotoxins; 1 sample from the homeopathic medicine plus biotherapy treated group and 1 sample from the biotherapy treated group tested positive for F41; 2 samples from the controlgroup tested positive for F41. Conclusion: Strain variability was too large in PCR to allow forany conclusion; despite feces tested positive for E. coli, weight gain of piglets was greater ingroups with homeopathic treatment that thus can be rated more effective in newborn piglets diarrhea.(AU)

Cationic topical formulations tested in high dilutions offers protective effects in fibroblast cells culture

Topical administration is a simple and comfortable form of cutaneous administration of drugs. However, in this route of administration the drug needs to overcome the barrier posed by the skin to reach an effective concentration. For this reason, many topical formulations are developed with a cationic component. The promotion of absorption occurs due to the disruption of the stratum corneum. But this cationic component has also high irritating potential to the skin. The biotherapics are medicines prepared from a toxic product or etiologic agent, following the homeopathic pharmacopoeia technique, and they are used mainly in cases of hipersensitization. In this experiment, high dilutions (HD) obtained from a cationic formulation were prepared and evaluated considering cell viability in “in vitro” mouse fibroblast (L929) culture cells model by a colorimetric MTT assay. No signs of toxicity were observed, which demonstrates the safety of these HD preparations to the healthy cells. The effectiveness of these HD was also investigated in cells damaged by cationic formulations. The results demonstrated that the HD 30c was the most effective preparation in preventing the cell damage caused by the tested irritating product, increasing cell viability from 56.6% (damaged cells) to 100% (similar to negative control group, p>0.05). These results provide evidence of the positive action of high dilutions against the exposure to a cytotoxic agent.

Bioterápicos de Candida albicans induzem alterações nos índices de adesão e na respiração celular / Biotherapics of Candida albicans induce changes in the levels of adhesion and in cellular respiration

Introdução: O gênero Candida spp é responsável por cerca de 80% das infecções fúngicas no ambiente hospitalar e constitui causa relevante de infecções sistêmicas em pacientes hospitalizados, especialmente em doentes graves e em imunocomprometidos, com predominância da Candida albicans. A adesão das leveduras às células epiteliais do hospedeiro é um potente estimulador para a formação de hifas, forma invasiva do fungo [1]. Os bioterápicos são medicamentos preparados a partir de produtos biológicos, elaborados conforme a Farmacopeia Homeopática Brasileira (FHB)[2], indicados para tratamento de infecções de etiologia conhecida, empregados com grande sucesso no tratamento clínico destas infecções. Os bioterápicos RC, desenvolvidos pelo médico brasileiro Roberto Costa (RC) são preparados a partir do agente etiológico íntegro e, segundo suas pesquisas, possuem maior capacidade de estimular o sistema imunológico do hospedeiro.

Informações Influenzinum H1N1

Influenzinum é uma preparação dinamizada definida como bioterápico. Tanto o Manual de Normas Técnicas da ABFH quanto a Farmacopéia Homeopática Brasileira, seguem a literatura francesa e definem bioterápicos como produtos não quimicamente definidos (secreções, excreções patológicas ou não, certos produtos de origem microbiana, alérgenos) que servem de matéria prima para as preparações bioterápicas de uso homeopático.

O uso da homeopatia para prevenir sintomas da gripe humana e infecção respiratória aguda: um estudo clínico duplo cego, randomizado, placebo controlado com 600 crianças do Serviço Público de Sáude do Brasil / The use of homeopathy to prevent symptoms of human flu and acute respiratory infections: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 600 children from Brazilian Public Health Service

In Brazil, homeopathy was implemented in the Public Health Service through the National Policy on Complementary and Integrative Practices of the Health Ministry, published in 2006. Homeopathy appears as a very interesting therapy to be used in the Public Health Services since its medicines are compounded at a very low cost. Considering this interesting scenario to develop research in the Public Health, the Family Health Program (FHP) in Petropolis and the Faculty of Pharmacy at UFRJ started a partnership with the Roberto Costa Institute.(AU)

No Brasil, a homeopatia foi implementada no Serviço Público de Saúde, através da Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares do Ministério da Saúde, publicada em 2006. A homeopatia surge como uma terapia muito interessante para ser usada no serviço público de saúde uma vez que seus medicamentos tem um custo muito baixo. Considerando este cenário interessante para desenvolver uma pesquisa em Saúde Pública, o Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) de Petrópolis e a Faculdade de Farmácia da UFRJ iniciaram uma parceria com o Instituto Roberto Costa. (AU)

Avaliação do potencial genotóxico e mutagênico de um nosódio vivo obtido com o vírus Influenza A / Evaluation of the genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of a living nosode compounded with Influenza A virus

Introdução: O vírus da gripe tem sido responsável por doenças respiratórias contagiosas com altas taxas de mortalidade [1]. Algumas drogas tem sido usadas para tratar a gripe humana. No entanto, esses medicamentos causam muitos efeitos colaterais e induzem o aparecimento de cepas virais resistentes [2]. O impacto causado pelo vírus influenza tem motivado o desenvolvimento de novas abordagens para a prevenção e controle da influenza [3]. Portanto, um novo medicamento homeopático foi desenvolvido utilizando, como ponto de partida, o vírus influenza infecciosa [4]. Este pertence a um grupo chamado nosódios vivos [5]. No entanto, seus potenciais mutagênicos e genotóxicos, especialmente quando usado em diluições baixas, ainda não foram avaliados e é importante porque este bioterápico é preparado a partir de microorganismos vivos. Diferentes métodos podem ser usados para detectar efeitos mutagênicos e genotóxicos. Objetivos: Este estudo visa avaliar o potencial genotóxico e mutagênico do nosódio vivo do vírus influenza A, em diferentes potências homeopáticas.Metodologia: 1 ml de suspensão viral purificada foi diluída em 9 ml de água destilada estéril. Esta amostra foi submetida a 100 sucussões mecânicas (aproximadamente 3 Hz), usando o aparato Autic ® brasileira, originando a primeira diluição, chamada decimal (1x). 1 ml desta solução foi diluída em 9 ml de solvente e foi submetido a 100 sucussões, gerando o bioterápico 2x. Este procedimento foi repetido sucessivamente, de acordo com a Farmacopéia Homeopática Brasileira, para obter o bioterápico 30x [6]. Pela mesma técnica, a água foi preparada até a potência 30x, para ser utilizada como controle. Todas as amostras foram preparadas sob condições estéreis e assépticas, utilizando-se fluxo laminar, classe II, e foram armazenados em geladeira (8ºC). As amostras 1x, 6x, 12x, 18x 24x, 30x e 30x e água (controle do veículo) foram analisadas por: Induteste, avalia a capacidade dos agentes físicos ou químicos de promover a indução lisogênico como um reflexo dos danos nas moléculas de DNA em bactérias lisogênicas, e o teste de Ames, que utiliza linhagens indicadoras de Salmonella typhimurium, sensíveis a substâncias que podem induzir diferentes tipos de mutação. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos no Induteste não mostraram diminuição da fração de sobrevivência das bactérias utilizadas, e nenhum aumento na formação de indução lisogênica, em quaisquer potências testadas. O mesmo perfil foi obtido após o teste de Ames, com resultados semelhantes ao controle negativo. Conclusão: Conclui-se que nosódio vivo obtido com vírus Influenza A não é capaz de induzir danos no DNA de células procarióticas. Este resultado nos permite concluir que pacientes que usam este medicamento não tem efeitos colaterais relacionados com a mutagênese e genotoxicidade.(AU)

Background: The influenza virus has been responsible for contagious respiratory diseases with high mortality rates [1]. Some drugs have been used to treat human influenza. However, these drugs cause many common side effects and induce the appearance of resistant viral strains [2]. The impact caused by the influenza virus has motivated the development of new approaches for the prevention and control of influenza [3]. Therefore, a new homeopathic medicine was developed using, as a starting point, the infectious influenza virus [4]. This belongs to a group called living nosodes [5]. However, its mutagenic and genotoxic potentials, especially when used in low dilutions, has not yet been evaluated and it is important because this biotherapic is prepared from living microorganisms. Different methods can be used to detect mutagenic and genotoxicic effects. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of influenza A living nosode at different homeopathic potencies. Methodology: 1 ml of purified viral suspension was diluted in 9 ml of sterile distilled water. This sample was submitted to 100 mechanical succussions (approximately 3 Hz), using Autic® Brazilian machine, originating the first dilution, named decimal (1x). 1 ml of this solution was diluted in 9 ml of solvent and was submitted to 100 sucussions, generating biotherapic 2x. This procedure was successively repeated, according to Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia, to obtain the biotherapic 30x [6]. By the same technique, water vehicle was prepared until 30x potency to be used as control. All samples were prepared in sterile and under aseptic conditions, using laminar flow cabinet, class II, and were stored in the refrigerator (8ºC). The samples 1x, 6x, 12x, 18x, 24x and 30x and water 30x (vehicle control) were analysed by: the Inductest, which assesses the ability of physical or chemical agents to promote lysogenic induction as a reflection of damage in DNA molecules in lysogenic bacteria, and the Ames test, which uses indicator strains of Salmonella typhimurium, sensitive to substances that can induce different types of mutation. Results: The Inductest showed no decrease in the survival fraction of the bacteria used, and no increase in the formation of lysogenic induction, in any tested potency. The same profile was obtained after the Ames test, with similar results to negative control. Conclusion: We can conclude that this living nosode compounded with Influenza A virus is not able to induce DNA damage in prokaryotic cells. This result permits us to conclude that patients who use this medicine have no side effects related to mutagenesis and genotoxicity.(AU)

Avaliação do potencial genotóxico e mutagênico de soluções homeopáticas de Candida albicans / Evaluation of the genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of homeopathic Candida albicans solutions

ntrodução: Candida spp é encontrada naturalmente na microbiota natural da pele humana, trato gastrointestinal e genitourinário e, em geral, até 75% da população não apresenta qualquer sintoma [1]. No entanto, a candidíase oral é muito comum entre os pacientes HIV e pacientes submetidos à quimioterapia. O tratamento da candidíase oral é necessário, uma vez que a doença provoca desconforto e disfagia, resultando em má nutrição, recuperação lenta e internação prolongada [2,3]. Os resultados preliminares obtidos pelo nosso grupo com um novo bioterápico preparado a partir de Candida albicans (Candida 30x) mostrou um grande potencial para reduzir a taxa de adesão da candida quando células epiteliais foram pré-tratadas. Este estudo está sendo desenvolvido visando avaliação do potencial mutagênico e genotóxico de várias soluções homeopáticas.Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial genotóxico e mutagênico de diferentes potências homeopáticas do medicamento de C. albicans. Metodologia: Uma parte de C. albicans obtida do sangue de pacientes brasileiros [4] foi diluída em 9 partes de água estéril. Esta amostra foi submetida a 100 sucussões mecânicas (aproximadamente 3 Hz), usando Autic ®, originando a primeira diluição (1x). Em seguida, 1 ml desta solução foi diluída em 9 ml de solvente, submetida a 100 sucussões, obtendo a potência 2x. Este procedimento foi repetido sucessivamente para obter a potência de 30x, de acordo com a Farmacopéia Homeopática Brasileira [5]. Pela mesma técnica, o veículo foi preparado até 30x para ser usado como controle. Todas as amostras foram preparadas em condições estéreis e assépticas, utilizando-se gabine de fluxo laminar, classe II, e foram armazenados em geladeira (8ºC). As amostras 1x, 6x, 12x, 18x 24x, 30x de C. albicans e 30x de água (controle do veículo) foram analisadas por: Induteste, que avalia a capacidade de agentes físicos ou químicos em promover a indução lisogênica em reflexo a danos em moléculas de DNA de bactérias lisogênicas. E o Teste de Ames, que utiliza linhagens indicadoras de Salmonella typhimurium, sensíveis a substâncias que podem induzir diferentes tipos de mutação.Int J High Dilution Res 2011; 10(36):177-179Proceedings of the XXV GIRI Symposium and VIII CBFH; 2011 Sep 04-07; Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil)179Resultados: De acordo com o Induteste, não houve diminuição da fração de sobrevivência de bactérias e aumento na formação de centros infecciosos, independentemente da potência homeopática testada. O mesmo perfil foi obtido após o Teste de Ames, com resultados semelhantes ao controle negativo. Conclusão: Podemos concluir que estas amostras não são capazes de induzir danos ao DNA bacteriano das cepas utilizadas. Assim, a utilização deste medicamento não apresenta quaisquer efeitos secundários relacionados com a mutagênese e genotoxicidade.(AU)

Background: Candida spp is naturally found in humans? flora of skin, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and, in general, up to 75% of the population does not have any symptom [1]. However, oral candidiasis is very common among HIV patients and patients undergoing chemotherapy. The treatment of oral candidiasis is necessary once the disease causes discomfort and dysphagia, resulting in poor nutrition, slow recovery, and prolonged hospital stay [2,3]. Preliminary results obtained by our group with a new biotherapic prepared from Candida albicans (Candida 30x) showed a great potential to reduce the candida yeast adhesion rate when the epithelial cells were pre-treated. This study is currently being developed with the evaluation of mutagenic and genotoxic potentials of several homeopathic solutions. Aims: The goal of this study was to assess the genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of different homeopathic potencies of C. albicans. Methodology: One part of C. albicans yeast obtained from Brazilian patient?s blood [4] was diluted in 9 parts of sterile water. This sample was submitted to 100 mechanical succussions (approximately 3 Hz), using Autic® Brazilian machine, originating the first dilution (1x). Then, 1 ml of this solution was diluted in 9 ml of solvent, submitted to 100 succussions, obtaining 2x potency. This procedure was successively repeated to obtain 30x potency, according to Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia [5]. By the same technique, water vehicle was prepared until 30x to be used as control. All samples were prepared in sterile and aseptic conditions, using laminar flow cabinet, class II and were stored in the refrigerator (8ºC). The samples 1x, 6x, 12x, 18x, 24x and 30x of C. albicans and water 30x (vehicle control) were analysed by: the Inductest, which assesses the ability of physical or chemical agents to promote lysogenic induction as a reflection of damage in DNA molecules in lysogenic bacteria, and the Ames test, which uses indicator strains of Salmonella typhimurium, sensitive to substances that can induce different types of mutation. Results: In the Inductest no decrease in survival fraction of bacteria and no increase in the formation of lysogenic induction were detected independently of the homeopathic potency employed. The same profile was obtained after the Ames test, with similar results to negative control. Conclusion: Afterwards, we can conclude that these samples are not able to induce DNA damage in the cells tested. So, the use of this medicine does not present any side effects related to mutagenesis and genotoxicity.(AU)

Respostas celulares e bioquímicas induzidas por bioterápicos preparados a partir de influenza A (H3N2) íntegro e influenza A (H3N2) inativado nas potências 12x e 30x na linhagem MDCK / Cellular and biochemical responses induced by Biotherapics prepared from intact influenza A (H3N2) and inactivated influenza A (H3N2) virus at 12x and 30x in the MDCK cells

Biotherapics are homeopathic remedies prepared from organic products that are chemically undefined and can be used for treatment of diseases like influenza. There are several classes of biotherapics and, among these, there are some called "living biotherapics" or "Roberto Costa?s Biotherapics". This study aimed to compare the cellular and biochemical effects of biotherapics prepared from intact influenza virus diluted in water and the one obtained from the same viral sample inactivated by ethanol 70% (v / v), both in the potencies of 12x and 30x. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were performed on both preparations to assess the integrity of viral particles, which showed that ethanol 70% (v/v) induced a complete denaturation of viral particles. In contrast, the integrity of virus particles was preserved when water was used as the biotherapic solvent. Cellular and biochemical alterations induced by the preparations on MDCK cells were analyzed and compared with those induced by respective controls (water 30x-treated and untreated cells). Cellular viability analyzed by MTT method showed statistically significant differences (p <0.05) in MDCK cells treated with intact biotherapic for 5 (3 stimuli) and 30 (18 stimuli) days in comparison with untreated control. TEM analysis did not show significant cellular changes when the different experimental groups were compared. The enzymatic activity of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK), an important enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, presented a statistically significant increase (p <0.05) after 30 days of treatment when compared to control groups. The results obtained suggest that inactivation of viral sample with ethanol 70% induces lysis and disruption of viral particles. In addition, preliminary results indicated that treatment with intact biotherapic seems to induce higher variations on MDCK cells responses when compared to inactivated-biotherapic-treated cells. Further analyses are ongoing, including scanning electron microscopy and quantification of the number of mitosis, in order to elucidate the mechanisms involved with biochemical and cellular responses induced by theses biotherapics.(AU)

Avaliação da produção de citocinas pelos macrófagos J774. G8 após o tratamento com bioterápicos / Evaluation of cytokine production by J774. G8 macrophages after treatment with biotherapics

Strains of macrophages, such as murine J774.G8 macrophages, are susceptible to influenza A infection [1]. One of the responses to viral infection involves the production of various types of immunostimulatory cytokines by infected cells [2].In all cases, there were no significant differences compared to control groups. However, the production of TNF-? detected in macrophages treated by intact and inactivated biotherapics presented a tendency to increase after infection. In fact, similar results were previously detected in other experiments conducted only with the intact biotherapic [3]. The release of the cytokine MCP1 in all experimental situations presented a tendency to decrease after the viral infection when compared to untreated macrophages. No statistically significant difference was detected in the production of IL 12 and IL 10. These experiments will be repeated to confirm the data obtained.(AU)